Describe what occurs to the particles of a substance when the substance melts. Explain why this occurs.

'Chromatography' is defined as an analytical technique commonly used for separating a mixture of chemical substances into its individual components, so that the individual components can be thoroughly analyzed.

Chromatography is simply defined as a process for separating components of a mixture. In order to start the process, the mixture that is dissolved in a substance is called the mobile phase, which carries it through a second substance called the stationary phase.

The process of chromatography is based on the principle that components of a mixture are separated when the mixture which is a mobile phase is moved through a stationary phase, resulting in some components of the mixture being attached to the stationary phase material and the remaining mixture is passed along as the mobile phase.

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Ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)) mixture could be a useful buffer in a solution. Option C

A buffer is a solution that can resist changes in pH when small amounts of acid or base are added. It consists of a weak acid and its conjugate base or a weak base and its conjugate acid. The buffer system works by the principle of Le Chatelier's principle, where the equilibrium is shifted to counteract the changes caused by the addition of an acid or a base.

In option A, acetic acid (\(CH_3CO_2H\)) is a weak acid, but hydrochloric acid (HCl) is a strong acid. This combination does not form a buffer because HCl is completely dissociated in water and cannot provide a significant concentration of its conjugate base.

Option B consists of sodium hydroxide (NaOH), which is a strong base, and elemental sodium (Na), which is a metal. This combination does not form a buffer as there is no weak acid-base pair involved.

Option D contains acetic acid (\(CH_3CO_2H\)), a weak acid, and ammonia (\(NH_3\)), a weak base. Although they are weak acid and base, they do not form a buffer system together as they are both weak acids or bases and lack the required conjugate acid-base pair.

Option C, ammonia (\(NH_3\)), is a weak base, and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)) is its conjugate acid. This combination can form a buffer system. When ammonia reacts with water, it forms ammonium ions (NH4+) and hydroxide ions (OH-).

The ammonium ions act as the weak acid, while the ammonia acts as the weak base. The addition of a small amount of acid will be counteracted by the ammonium ions, and the addition of a small amount of base will be counteracted by the ammonia, thus maintaining the pH of the solution relatively stable.

Therefore, option C, consisting of ammonia (\(NH_3\)) and ammonium chloride (\(NH_4Cl\)), is the suitable mixture that could be a useful buffer in a solution.

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Answer:

hello hi what's up

Explanation:

ok bye

Answer:

to make it cold

Explanation:

24. To calculate the molarity of a solution, we must first find out how many moles of \(BaI_2\) are in the solution.

Molar mass of BaI2 = (1 x atomic mass of Ba) + (2 x atomic mass of I)

= (1 x 137.33 g/mol) + (2 x 126.90 g/mol)

= 137.33 g/mol + 253.80 g/mol

= 391.13 g/mol

Number of moles of BaI2 = mass of BaI2 / molar mass of BaI2

= 413 g / 391.13 g/mol

= 1.056 mol

the molarity of the solution using the formula:

Molarity (M) = moles of solute / volume of solution (in liters)

Volume of solution = 750 ml = 750 ml / 1000 ml/L = 0.750 L

Molarity = 1.056 mol / 0.750 L

= 1.408 M

Therefore, the molarity of the solution is 1.408 M.

25. a. \(P_20_7\) - Ionic compound (Phosphorus(V) oxide)

b. \(SnBr_2\) - Ionic compound (Tin(II) bromide)

c. \(Fe(OH)_2\)-  Ionic compound (Iron(II) hydroxide)

d. \(Cl_30_8\) - Not a valid chemical formula

26.

A. (NH4)2CO3 is soluble in water (NH4) in an ionic substance called 2CO3 containing the ions carbonate and ammonium.

B. Fe(OH)2 is insoluble in water. Iron(II) hydroxide is only sparingly soluble.

C. CaOH is not soluble in water. Only very little calcium hydroxide is soluble.

D. PbCl2 is insoluble in water. The chloride of lead(II) is sparingly soluble.

27. FeS + 2KCl = FeCl2 + K2S

FeS is an insoluble precipitate.

2KCl dissolves in aqueous solution.

ZnCl2 + SrSO4 = ZnSO4 + SrCl2

SrSO4 is an insoluble precipitate.

ZnCl2 dissolves in aqueous solution.

28. In salt water, the solute is the salt (sodium chloride, or NaCl), and the solvent is water. The element which dissolves in the solvent to form a solution is called solute.

29. Charles's law states that, if the pressure and volume of a gas remain constant, the volume of a gas falls as the temperature increases. As a result, the capacity of the balloon will decrease as it ascends to altitudes where the temperature is -15 °C.

30. The average kinetic energy of the particles of a substance increases with increase in its temperature. This is because temperature is a gauge for the specific kinetic energy of the constituent particles of a substance. On the other hand, the average kinetic energy falls as the temperature increases.

31. When the volume of a gas decreases, its pressure increases. Boyle's law, which states that at a given temperature, the pressure of a gas is inversely proportional to its volume, describes this relationship. On the other hand, pressure falls when volume increases.

32. The pressure of a gas increases along with its temperature. Gay–Lussac's law, which states that the pressure of a gas is directly proportional to its temperature, given the volume and volume of the gas is constant, describes this relationship.

33. The volume of a syringe is reduced as a marshmallow is pressed and the plunger is depressed. As a result the pressure inside the syringe increases. This is because Boyle's law states that the volume and pressure of a gas are inversely proportional. The decrease in volume causes the air inside the syringe to contract, exerting more pressure on the marshmallow, which is then crushed.

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An example of an agricultural use for radiation is option B which is irradiating wheat to kill fungus is an example of an agricultural use for radiation.

Radiation in agriculture refers to the use of various forms of ionizing radiation (such as gamma rays, X-rays, and electron beams) for agricultural purposes. This includes using radiation to improve crop yield and quality, preserve food, and control pests and diseases. Radiation can also be used to induce mutations in plants, which can lead to the development of new varieties with desirable traits such as increased yield, disease resistance, and drought tolerance. Additionally, radiation can be used to sterilize soil and agricultural products, such as spices and herbs, to eliminate harmful pathogens and pests. Overall, the use of radiation in agriculture has the potential to improve food safety, increase productivity, and reduce waste in the agricultural industry.

Therefore, radiation can be used to kill harmful organisms such as fungi and bacteria that can cause disease and spoilage in crops, as well as to improve breeding and seed production in plants.

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The number of particles of gold that are in 2.3 moles of Au is 1.38 * 10²⁴ particles.

The number of moles of O₂ in 15.5 grams of O₂ is 0.48 moles

The mass in grams of 2.47 x 10²¹ formula units of sodium oxide is 0.254 grams

The number of atoms of titanium in 23.4 Kg Ti is 2.93 * 10²⁶ atoms

The mass in grams of O₂ needed to produce 75.0 grams of H₂O is 66.67 grams of O₂

The mass in grams of H₂ that are needed to react with 75.0 grams of O₂ is 9.375 g.

The number of particles in a mole of a substance is 6.02 * 10²³.

Considering the given questions:

The number of particles of gold that are in 2.3 moles of Au = 2.3 *  6.02 * 10²³

The number of particles = 1.38 * 10²⁴ particles.

The number of moles of O₂ in 15.5 grams of O₂ = 15.5/32

The number of moles of O₂ = 0.48 moles

The mass in grams of 2.47 x 10²¹ formula units of sodium oxide = 2.47 x 10²¹/ 6.02 * 10²³ * 62 g

The mass in grams of 2.47 x 10²¹ formula units of sodium oxide = 0.254 grams

The number of atoms of titanium in 23.4 Kg Ti = 6.02 * 10²³ * 23.4 * 1000/48

The number of atoms of titanium in 23.4 Kg Ti = 2.93 * 10²⁶ atoms

The mass in grams of O₂ needed to produce 75.0 grams of H₂O = 75/18 * 1/2 * 32

The mass in grams of O₂ needed to produce 75.0 grams of H₂O = 66.67 grams of O₂

The mass in grams of H₂ that are needed to react with 75.0 grams of O₂ = 75/32 * 2 * 2 g

The mass in grams of H₂ that are needed to react with 75.0 grams of O₂ = 9.375 g.

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Answer:

Your answer is Answer thank me later :) <3

Explanation:

Answer:

Explanation:

RX + AgNO₃ = R⁺ ( carbocation ) + AgX + NO₃⁻

C₂H₅OH ( a nucleophile ) + R⁺ = ROC₂H₅

C₅H₁₁X + AgNO₃ = C₅H₁₁⁺ + AgX + NO₃⁻

In the first case carbocation produced is CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂⁺

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH₂CH₂⁺ ⇒  CH₃CH₂CH₂C⁺HCH₃ ( secondary carbocation more stable )

CH₃CH₂CH₂C⁺HCH₃ + C₂H₅OH ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(OC₂H₅)CH₃

Hence option D is correct .

b )

In the second case carbocation produced is

CH₃CH₂CH₂CH⁺CH₃

CH₃CH₂CH₂C⁺HCH₃ + C₂H₅OH ⇒ CH₃CH₂CH₂CH(OC₂H₅)CH₃

The product formed is same as in case of first

Option B is correct

Answer:

Explanation:

Boiling.

Use water filter

Use Ultraviolet Light.

Use chlorine drops

I would recomade boiling as the main

because its the easiest and cheapest Or water filter if you have one

Answer: 1 mole ➡️ 6.022×10²³ atoms of si.

X mole ➡️ 2.8×10²⁴ atoms of si.

X = 2.8×10×10²³/6.022×10²³

= 28/6.022

= 4.65 moles.

Explanation:

The total number of moles in 2.8x10^23 atoms of Calcium will be 4.65 moles.

The mole is defined as the amount of substance containing the same number of chemical units (atoms, molecules, ions, electrons, or other specified entities or groups of entities) as exactly 12 grams of carbon-12

The mole unit allows us to express amounts of atoms and molecules in visible amounts that we can understand.

For example, we already know that, by definition, a mole of carbon has a mass of exactly 12 g. This means that exactly 12 g of C has 6.022 × 10 23 atoms

1 mole is  6.022×10²³ atoms of calcium

one mole of calcium =  2.8×10²⁴

substitute the value in the equation,

2.8×10²⁴ atoms of calcium  = 2.8×10×10²³/6.022×10²³

total number of moles = 28/6.022= 4.65 moles

Therefore, the total number of moles will be 4.65 moles

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Answer: B. Ketone

Explanation: Another name for acetone is propanone, and it is the main ketone as it has the functional group in the middle, a CH3 on each side. Ketones have the C=O functional group.

Answer:

yes u are correct as it define that

3.00 x 108 m/s should be written in scientific notation. Medical Notation (numbers less than 1.0) Add a decimal place after the decimal, to the right. To the left of the decimal point, there should only be one number. The brand-new number ranges from 1.0000 to 9.9999.

For the purpose of providing an exact result, certain elements of scientific notation must be included. In scientific notation, all numbers have the format "m x 10n. Important components for determining the scientific notation include the following:

Decimal: You move the decimal a specific number of times to the right or left of the coefficient to discover the scientific notation until it becomes a number equal to or greater than one and less than 10.

Coefficient: To calculate this value, the decimal point must move a predetermined amount of times. An amount that is one or larger and less than ten is referred to as a coefficient.

Base: The base number is always 10. The exponent comes into play when multiplying to arrive at the final solution.

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Answer: Hydrogen is not in any group because it only has on electron

Explanation:

Approximately 4.37 x 10^23 molecules of HCl would be required to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂.

To determine the number of molecules of HCl required to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂, we need to use the molar mass and stoichiometry of the balanced equation:

Mg(OH)₂(s) + 2 HCl(aq) → 2 H₂O(l) + MgCl₂(aq)

The molar mass of MgCl₂ is 95.21 g/mol.

First, we need to calculate the number of moles of MgCl₂ formed:

Moles of MgCl₂ = mass of MgCl₂ / molar mass of MgCl₂

Moles of MgCl₂ = 34.52 g / 95.21 g/mol

Moles of MgCl₂ = 0.363 mol

According to the balanced equation, the stoichiometric ratio between HCl and MgCl₂ is 2:1. Therefore, the moles of HCl required can be calculated as follows:

Moles of HCl = 2 * Moles of MgCl₂

Moles of HCl = 2 * 0.363 mol

Moles of HCl = 0.726 mol

To calculate the number of molecules, we need to use Avogadro's number, which is approximately 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol.

Number of molecules of HCl = Moles of HCl * Avogadro's number

Number of molecules of HCl = 0.726 mol * 6.022 x 10^23 molecules/mol

Number of molecules of HCl = 4.37 x 10^23 molecules

Therefore, approximately 4.37 x 10^23 molecules of HCl would be required to form 34.52 g of MgCl₂.

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The net ionic equation for this gas evolution reaction is H+(aq) + SO32-(aq) SO2(g) + H2O, while the balanced molecular equation is 2HBr(aq) + K2SO3(aq) SO2(g) + 2H2O(l) + 2KBr(aq) (l).

The reaction's chemical formula is K2CO3(aq)+2HBr(aq)2KBr(aq)+CO2(g)+H2O. (l) Strong electrolytes in the process, K2CO3, HBr, and KBr totally dissociate in water to generate their corresponding ions.

A salt (the KBr) and water will be created when the HBr and KOH interact. While balancing this equation, make careful to count both hydrogen atoms on the reactants side.

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The carbonyl stretching vibration of guanine is expected to give rise to a peak in the vibrational-Raman spectrum at a wavenumber of around 1660-1700 cm^-1.

How to explain the information

The specific location of the peak can be affected by a variety of factors, including the excitation wavelength, the sample preparation method, and the environment in which the sample is analyzed.

If the 514.5 nm line of an argon ion laser is used as the incident light source, the Raman shift associated with the carbonyl stretching vibration of guanine would be expected to be in the range of 620-670 cm^-1. However, it's important to note that the exact position of the peak may vary depending on the specific experimental conditions.

An overview was given as the information is incomplete.

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Answer:

2812.6 g of H₂SO₄

Explanation:

From the question given above, the following data were obtained:

Mole of H₂SO₄ = 28.7 moles

Mass of H₂SO₄ =?

Next, we shall determine the molar mass of H₂SO₄. This can be obtained as follow:

Molar mass of H₂SO₄ = (1×2) + 32 + (16×4)

= 2 + 32 + 64

= 98 g/mol

Finally, we shall determine the mass of H₂SO₄. This can be obtained as follow:

Mole of H₂SO₄ = 28.7 moles

Molar mass of H₂SO₄ =

Mass of H₂SO₄ =?

Mole = mass / Molar mass

28.7 = Mass of H₂SO₄ / 98

Cross multiply

Mass of H₂SO₄ = 28.7 × 98

Mass of H₂SO₄ = 2812.6 g

Thus, 28.7 mole of H₂SO₄ is equivalent to 2812.6 g of H₂SO₄

Answer:

To calculate the number of moles of copper, we first need to determine the mass of copper present in the sample:

Mass of copper = 159 g (mass of copper(II) oxide) - 127 g (mass of copper)

Mass of copper = 32 g

Now, we can use the molar mass of copper to calculate the number of moles:

Molar mass of copper = 63.55 g/mol

Number of moles of copper = mass of copper / molar mass of copper

Number of moles of copper = 32 g / 63.55 g/mol

Number of moles of copper = 0.504 mol

Therefore, there are 0.504 moles of copper in the sample.

Explanation:

Precision relates to the consistency and reproducibility of measurements, while accuracy reflects how close measurements are to the true value.

Precision and accuracy are two important concepts in the context of errors in measurements. While they both pertain to the quality of data, they refer to different aspects.

Precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility in a series of measurements. It reflects the scatter or spread of data points around the average value. If the measurements have low scatter and are tightly clustered, they are considered precise. On the other hand, if the measurements have a high scatter and are widely dispersed, they are considered imprecise.

Accuracy, on the other hand, refers to the closeness of measurements to the true or target value. It represents how well the measured values align with the actual value. Accuracy is achieved when measurements have a small systematic or constant error, which is the difference between the average measured value and the true value.

Errors in measurements can be classified into two types: random errors and systematic errors.

Random errors are associated with the inherent limitations of measurement instruments or fluctuations in the measurement process. They lead to imprecise data and affect the precision of measurements. Random errors can be reduced by repeating measurements and calculating the average to minimize the effect of individual errors.

Systematic errors, on the other hand, are caused by consistent biases or inaccuracies in the measurement process. They affect the accuracy of measurements and lead to a deviation from the true value. Systematic errors can arise from factors such as instrumental calibration issues, environmental conditions, or experimental techniques. These errors need to be identified and minimized to improve the accuracy of measurements.

In summary, precision refers to the degree of consistency or reproducibility of measurements, while accuracy refers to the closeness of measurements to the true value. Random errors affect precision, while systematic errors affect accuracy. To ensure high-quality measurements, both precision and accuracy need to be considered and appropriate techniques should be employed to minimize errors.

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Answer:

3.9%

Explanation:

Exact melting point = 123°C

Measured melting point = 128°C

% error; |measured - exact|/exact × 100

% error = |123 -128|/128 × 100

%error = 3.9%

Percentage error in temperature measurement = 3.9 %

add it up maybe?

Explanation:

The atomic mass of any element can be easily determined with the help of the number of protons and neutrons. You are simply required to add the number of neutrons and protons in order to estimate the atomic mass of any element.

The Atomic mass of an element may be defined as the average mass of the atoms of an element that are significantly measured in the atomic mass unit (amu).

Another method through which you can approximate the value of the atomic mass of any element is that you are simply required to double the value of the atomic number that is known for each specific element.

For example, The atomic number of oxygen is 8, while its atomic mass is 8 × 2 = 16. Similarly, the atomic number of nitrogen is 7, while its atomic mass is 7 × 2 = 14.

Therefore, it is well described above.

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Answer:

A. 5.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ M, acidic

Explanation:

Step 1: Given data

Concentration of H₃O⁺: 1.8 10⁻⁵ M

Step 2: Calculate the concentration of OH⁻

We will use the ionic product of water.

Kw = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴ = [H₃O⁺] × [OH⁻]

[OH⁻] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴/[H₃O⁺] = 1.0 × 10⁻¹⁴/1.8 10⁻⁵ = 5.5 × 10⁻¹⁰ M

Step 3: Determine if the solution is acidic, basic or neutral

Then, the solution is acidic.

Answer:

\(\Delta G_{rxn}=42.7\frac{kJ}{mol}\)

Explanation:

In this case, for the dissociation of hypochlorous acid, we know that the acid dissociation constant (Ka) is 2.9x10⁻⁸, which is related with the Gibbs free energy as shown below:

\(\Delta G_{rxn}=-RTln(K)\)

But in this case K is just Ka, therefore, at 296 K, it turns out:

\(\Delta G_{rxn}=-8.314\frac{J}{mol*K}*296K*ln(2.9x10^{-8})\\\\\Delta G_{rxn}=42.7\frac{kJ}{mol}\)

Such result, means that the reaction is nonspontaneous at the given temperature, it means it is not favorable (not easily occurring).

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