Answers
Answer:
B. 26mm
Explanation:
Convert 2.5 cm to mm.
Related Questions
Water is able to dissolve sodium chloride because
A. The polar areas of water molecules attract the oppositely charged ions of sodium chloride
B. The shape of the water molecules pushes the sodium and chloride ions apart
C. The oxygen in the water molecules reacts with the sodium and chloride ions
D. Water molecules and sodium chloride are covalently bonded
Answers
When salt is mixed with fluid, it dissolves because the covalent connections in water were weaker compared to the ions interactions in salt molecules.
The correct answer is :A.
What causes sodium chloride to be less readily soluble in water?This is owing partially to the fewer charges that exist for the electrons ion chloride of sodium, Na+ or Cl-, compared to the ions in carbonate of soda, Ca2+ and CO32-. The higher the electrical charges on the ions, the greater their electrostatic attraction to each other, therefore therefore the more difficult it is for liquid to separate them.
Which solution is created when the salt is dissolved with water?As a result, when NaCl dissolves in water, the element sodium becomes dehydrated. As a result, the proper answer to this question is D, which is hydrated. Nota bene: In the field of chemistry salt is defined as an ionic form that interacts with cations and anions.
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How are the chromosomes in
eukaryotic cells different from those in prokaryotic cells?
Answers
Eukaryote chromosomes are composed of DNA coiled and condensed around the nuclear proteins called histones, all located in the nucleus. Eukaryotes have multiple linear chromosomes. These chromosomes are large.
An eye that can see far away object clearly but which can’ t clearly focus on objects that are 25 cm from the lens of the eye is farsighted or hyperoptic. The near point for
such eye is farther than 25 cm from the eye. Correction is done using a converging lens that images an object at the normal near point to the person’s larger than normal
near point.
An eye that can see objects at a normal near point of 25 cm but has a far point that is smaller than very far away at infinity is nearsighted or myopic. The far point of such an
eye is closer than infinity. Correction is done using a diverging lens that images an object that is very far away to the persons small than normal far point.
To do
Use the application to investigate a normal eye for an object from the normal near point to the far point.
Use the application to investigate a farsighted eye for an object from the normal near point to the far point.
Explain how the corrective lens works for a farsighted eye.
Use the application to investigate a nearsighted eye for an object from the normal near point to the far point.
Explain how the corrective lens works for near sighted eye..
Use Excel to set up calculations for a corrective lens of a person’s eye. Inputs are the near point distance, the far point distance and the distance of the lens from the eye
to be corrected. Outputs are the power in diopters of the required corrective lens. Plan on making two sheets in the Excel file – one sheet for a farsighted eye, and
another sheet for a near sighted eye.
Assuming an index of refraction of 1.42 for the lens, draw a one – to – one lens that.
Has a power of 3.4D.
Has a power of – 2.5 D.
Answers
Answer:
a. When glasses (or contact lenses) are used to correct nearsightedness, the lens should form the image at the far point.
b. If a nearsighted person has a far point df that is 3.50 m from the eye, what is the focal length f1 the contact lenses that the person would need to see an object at infinity clearly?
f 1 = -3.50 m
Explanation:
a. Nearsightedness (the person cannot focus on the far point objects) physics of eyesight correction, can be resolved by using focal length of concave lens as the corrective lens, which correct the eyesight artificially, as the eye’s lens bends the rays from a distant object too much and the rays are brought to a focus before they reach the retina. A diverging lens bends the ray outwards before they reach the eye’s lens and the rays are brought to a focus on the retina.
The lens formula to find the focal length of the lens is:
1/f = 1u + 1/v
Where, f is the focal length of the lens, u is the object distance, and v is the image distance.
The light lands in front of the retina, so the image is forming in front of the retina .When concave lens used as a corrective lens the clear vision is achieved, helping to bend the rays of light outwards and the light converge further and reach the retina to form the imagemeaning the lens should form the image at the far point.
b. The lens formula is,
1/f = 1u + 1/v
Here the object distance is infinity,so the reciprocal of infinity gives zero.
Substitute 0.0 for u and 0.0 -3.50 m for v
1/f = 1/ -3.50m + 1/ 0.0
Therefore, the focal length of the contact lenses that the person would need to see an object clearly is -3.50 m
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below:
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype
Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
Required:
a. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates.
b. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates.
c. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
Answers
Complete question
Dr. Nachman and his colleagues collected rock pocket mice across 35 kilometers of the Arizona Sonoran Desert, which included both dark, rocky lava outcrops and light, rocky, granite areas. They recorded substrate color, and coat-color frequencies for each location. Each site was separated from any of the others by at least eight kilometers. The researchers trapped a total of 275 mice. Their data are summarized below (numbers have been slightly modified for the purposes of this worksheet).
Field Data Summary
Collecting Site Substrate Color Number of Mice Phenotype Light Dark
1 Dark 22 3 19
2 Light 80 74 6
3 Light 22 19 3
4 Dark 28 3 25
5 Light 58 25 33
6 Dark 65 9 56
1. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on light-colored substrates. [to 3 decimal places]
2. Calculate the overall frequencies of light-colored mice and dark-colored mice caught on dark-colored substrates. (to 3 decimal places)
3. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the light, rocky, granite substrate. For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
4. Using the Hardy-Weinberg equation and data from the table above, determine the frequency of the three genotypes on the dark, rocky lava substrate. (to 3 decimals). For genotype frequencies use three decimal places and for calculations using the allele frequencies, you must round the allele frequencies to two decimal places.
5. Which fur color seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage? Use data collected from both dark-colored and light- colored substrates to support your answer.
6.What environmental change gave a selective advantage for one coat color over another?
7. In a separate study, 76 rock pocket mice were collected from four different, widely separated areas of dark lava rock. One collecting site was in Arizona. The other three were in New Mexico. Dr. Nachman and colleagues observed no significant differences in the color of the rocks in the four locations sampled. However, the dark-colored mice from the three New Mexico locations were slightly darker than the dark-colored mice from the Arizona population. The entire Mc1r gene was sequenced in all 76 of the mice collected. The mutations responsible for the dark fur color in the Arizona mice were absent from the three different populations of New Mexico mice. No Mc1r mutations were associated with dark fur color in the New Mexico populations. These findings suggest that adaptive dark coloration has occurred at least twice in the rock pocket mouse and that these similar phenotypic changes have different genetic bases. How does this study support the concept that natural selection is not random?
8. To determine if the rock pocket mouse population is evolving, explain why it is necessary to collect fur color frequency data over a period of many years.
Answer:
1)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.74 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.262)
frequencies of light-colored mice ≅ 0.13 frequencies of dark-colored mice ≅ 0.873)
p² ≅ 0.02 q² ≅ 0.74 2pq ≅ 0.244)
q² = 0.13 p² = 0.4 2pq = 0.465) The dark-colored fur seems to have the greatest overall selective advantage
6) Dark lava changed the color of the substrate, from light to dark.
7) Because to produce dark color, animals from the different regions suffered different mutations that drove them to have almost the same dark fur color.
8) To see if the mice population is evolving. If it is, there will be a change in the allelic and genotypic frequencies over the years. If it is not evolving, the frequencies will keep equal through the years.
Explanation:
Due to technical problems, you will find the complete explanation in the attached files
6. During the 1990s, natives of tropical islands began collecting wild turtles to sell in the United States as pets. One of these turtle species, a voracious carnivore that feeds on shrimp and snails, was especially popular. Recently, the U. S. government banned the import of these turtles as pets. However, pet owners have released large numbers of unwanted turtles into warm natural waters of the Gulf of Mexico.
Predict two possible consequences of the release of these turtles into Gulf waters, including the effect on native turtle species. Justify your response.
Answers
Two possible consequences of the release of these turtles into Gulf waters, including the effect on native turtle species are
Competition with native turtle speciesAlteration of ecosystem dynamicsWhat are possible consequences of the release of these turtles into Gulf waters?An invasive turtle species poses direct competition with native turtles within Gulf of Mexico, resulting in possible shrinkage in population sizes for the latter group. Resource scarcity driven primarily by competition over access to nests, habitats and food sources can render natives less effective at these activities compared to their new rivals.
Furthermore, identifying underlying consequences triggered by invasive species' potential alteration of ecosystem dynamics (eg: substantial loss or balanced gain) remains crucial for further consideration. The issue of climate change represents an imminent danger that threatens the well-being of our planet. Swift action from all corners of society is required, including private citizens, companies, and governing bodies across national borders.
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Standard NCES.7.L.2.2-Two tall plants (homozygous dominant) are crossed. What are the expected phenotypes of the offspring?
Group of answer choices
all short plants
all tall plants
some tall plants and some short plants
one tall plant and the rest short plants
Answers
Are there telomeres on both the leading and lagging strand of DNA?
Answers
Answer:
To prevent the loss of genes as chromosome ends wear down, the tips of eukaryotic chromosomes have specialized DNA “caps” called telomeres. The overhang at the leading strand end of the chromosome is actually generated by enzymes that cut away part of the DNA 1start superscript, 1, end superscript
Relate the directionality of nucleotides to the formation of phosphodiester bonds
Answers
Answer: The formation of a phosphodiester bond between nucleotides provides directionality for the resulting nucleic acid strand. This is referred to as the 5'-3' direction, as the nucleic acid would grow from the 5' end of one sugar to the 3' end of another sugar.
Explanation:
A crane has a sharp and pointed beak while the duck has a flat beak.Explain why
Answers
Answer:
The crane has a sharp and pointed beak adapted for catching and grasping prey. The sharp beak allows the crane to effectively stab and pierce its prey, such as fish, frogs, or small animals. The pointed shape helps the crane to accurately target its prey and secure a firm grip.
On the other hand, the duck has a flat beak, which is better suited for its specific feeding habits. Ducks are primarily filter feeders, and their flat beak enables them to sift through water or mud to collect small organisms, insects, and plants. The flat beak acts like a sieve, allowing the duck to strain out food particles while retaining water.
The difference in beak shape between the crane and the duck reflects their distinct feeding strategies and ecological roles. Each species has evolved its beak shape to optimize its ability to capture and consume the specific types of food sources available in their respective habitats.
I need help with this table
Answers
Photosynthesis and cellular respiration are two close related and complementary processes. Photosynthesis produces organic molecules and releases oxygen, which are used during cellular respiration to produce water, ATP, and CO₂.
What are photosynthesis and cellular respiration?
Photosynthesis is a process plant cells go through when absorbing sunlight.
During photosynthesis, light energy and inorganic compounds are used to produce organic compounds -glucose- and release oxygen.
It occurs in chloroplasts and involves two stages: light-dependent and light-independent reactions.
• During light-dependent reactions, oxygen is released, while ATP and NADPH are produced. Both of them are used during light-independent reactions. It occurs in the thylakoid membrane in the electron transporter chain.
• The light-independent reaction occurs in the Calvin cycle in the stroma. During this stage, carbon from CO2 is fixated, and sugar molecules are synthesized
Cellular respiration is the process through which cells use organic compounds to produce energy.
Cellular respiration follows two ways, which depend on the presence or absence of oxygen, and both of them begin with the process of glycolysis, which occurs in the cytoplasm and does not need oxygen to occur.
Aerobic Respiration1. Occurs in the presence of free oxygen.
2. Series of reactions by which pyruvic acid (product of glycolysis) turns into CO₂ and H₂O, producing many ATP molecules.
3. Respiration occurs in the mitochondria.
4. Takes place in two steps or stages: Krebs cycle and electron transporter chain.
5. Glycolysis and Krebs cycle produce electrons, which then travel along the electron transporter chain while releasing energy, and ATP is produced.
Anaerobic Respiration1. Occurs in the absence of free oxygen
2. Series of reactions by which using pyruvate (product of glycolysis) 2 ATP molecules van be produced.
3. There are two ways in which anaerobic respiration can be produced: lactic fermentation and alcoholic fermentation.
4. Lactic fermentation produces lactic acid and 2 ATP
5. Alcoholic fermentation occurs in two steps, and the final products are ethylic alcohol, 2ATP, and 2 CO₂
6. The whole anaerobic process occurs outside the mitochondria.
Photosynthesis is complementary to cellular respiration.
Cellular Respiration: C₆H₁₂O₆ + 6O₂ → 6CO₂ + 6H₂OPhotosynthesis: 6CO₂ + 6H₂O → C₆H₁₂O₆+ 6O₂Table in the attached files
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Assume that a pinhead is 1mm how many spherical bacteria lined up side by side would fit across the pinhead
Answers
The no. of bacteria lined up side by side would fit across the pinhead is 1000.
We know that the average size of cocci bacteria is 1 micrometer and 1mm = 1,000 micrometer.
Thus, on a 1mm size pinhead a total of 1000 cocci bacteria should be fit.
Cocci bacteria are spherical because their bodies are round. We can determine whether they are gram-positive or gram-negative by looking at the makeup of their cell walls. There are numerous genera in the Coccus class.
The Greek term "coccus" denotes a spherical body. Staphylococcus, a species that causes phenomena in humans, is the greatest example of a cocci. They are really tiny in size. All cocci bacteria differ from one another in terms of their physiological characteristics, but their bodies are always round. This means that while their size and colour may vary, the shape of their bodies is always cocci or round.
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Multiple Choice
Constructive error is the judgment that disconfirming results of an investigation should be published to further the scientific literature
on that topic.
O True
O False
Answers
Answer:
true
Explanation:
it a must to published topic so dat people can help you
A mechanic uses a hydraulic car jack to lift the front end of a car to change the oil. The jack used exerts 8000 N of force from the larger piston. To pump the jack, 4000 N of force is exerted on the small piston, which has an area of 2 m2 . What is the area of the large piston?
Answers
The area of the large piston of the hydraulic car jack is 4 meter².
Hydraulic machines use liquid fluid power to carry out paintings. Heavy production cars are a common instance. in this form of device, hydraulic fluid is pumped to numerous hydraulic cars and hydraulic cylinders throughout the machine and will become pressurized in step with the resistance gift.
Hydraulics is a mechanical function that operates through the force of liquid pressure. In hydraulics-based structures, mechanical movement is produced by way of contained, pumped liquid, typically via hydraulic cylinders shifting pistons.
Hydraulic fluid creates fluid strength by pumping the fluid via the hydraulic machine. The fluid flows to the cylinder thru the valve, and the hydraulic electricity converts it lower back to mechanical strength. The valves are useful resources to direct the flow of the fluid and the pressure may be relieved if wanted.
calculation:-
F₁/small area₁ = F₁/large area
4000 N / 2 = 8000 N / large area
Large area = 8000 / 2000 m²
large area = 4 meter²
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What is the predominant religion in Mexico?
Answers
Answer:
Roman Catholic is the most popular religion in Mexico...
Explanation:
....with 82.7% of the population associated with it.
Which of these is the best example of deposition?
A
Acid rain changes the chemical composition of limestone.
B
Flowing water wears away the sharp edges of river rocks.
C
A glacier melts and drops the sediment it was carrying.
D
Water seeps into cracks in a rock, freezes and melts.
Answers
Answer:
Answer is B
flowing water wears away the Sharp edges of river rocks
1. Name another animal that would come before the hagfish.
2. Mouse and Chimp come after the "Feathers" Characteristic on the cladogram. Why don't they have feathers?
3. Is the Perch more closely related to the Lizard or Hagfish? Why?
4. If we were to place an animal between the Lizard and the Pigeon, what characteristics MUST that animal have?
What characteristics must it NOT have?
Answers
Lizards would come before the hagfish.
What are the characteristics of hagfish?Hagfish, of the class Myxini and order Myxiniformes, are eel-shaped, slime-producing marine fish. They are the only known living animals that have a skull but no vertebral column, although hagfish do have rudimentary vertebrae.
Although their eating habits seem disgusting, hagfish help clean and recycle dead animals from the seafloor. They also serve as a food source for fish, seabirds and seals—at least those that can make it through the slime.
They have four pairs of sensing tentacles arranged around their mouth. The mouth lacks jaws, but a hagfish is equipped with two pairs of tooth-like rasps on the top of a tongue-like projection.
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Lizards would come before the hagfish
what makes you believe that the vegetation has been grown by farmers and has not grown naturally by itself over time
Answers
Organized patterns, irrigation systems, specific crop varieties, and agricultural practices indicate human intervention in vegetation growth, suggesting farming activity.
Determining whether vegetation has been grown by farmers or has grown naturally over time can be assessed by considering various factors. Firstly, the presence of organized patterns or rows of crops suggests intentional cultivation by farmers. The use of irrigation systems, terraces, or other agricultural infrastructure further supports human intervention. Additionally, the selection of specific crop varieties or the presence of non-native plant species may indicate deliberate cultivation. Observation of crop rotation, weeding, and fertilization practices can also provide evidence of human involvement. Historical records or local knowledge of agricultural practices in the area can provide further context. Conversely, natural vegetation tends to exhibit a more random distribution and includes a diverse range of native plant species. Considering these factors collectively can help differentiate between vegetation that has been grown by farmers and vegetation that has naturally grown over time.For more such questions on Vegetation:
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How many parts does a brain have??
Answers
Answer:
The brain have 7 parts: Cerebral cortex,Cerebellum, Hypothalamus, Thalamus, Pituitary gland, Pineal gland and Amygdala Hippocampas
what are the ethical issues with genetic testing and research
Answers
What is plants?
Answer will be marked as brainlist.
Answers
Answer:
Plants are multicellular organisms in the kingdom Plantae that use photosynthesis to make their own food. There are over 300,000 species of plants; common examples of plants include grasses, trees, and shrubs. Plants have an important role in the world's ecosystems. ... The study of plants is called botany.
Please mark as brilliant answer
What was one weakness of Darwin's theory?
a. It lacked an explanation for adaptations.
b. It lacked an explanation for competition.
c. It lacked an explanation for how evolution occurs.
d. It lacked an explanation for the genetic inheritance of traits.
Answers
One weakness of Darwin's theory was that it lacked an explanation for how evolution occurs and is therefore denoted as option C.
What is Evolution?This is referred to as the change in the heritable characteristics of biological populations over successive generations and makes organisms better suited for their ever changing envrironment.
Darwin's theory of evolution on the other hand describes how organisms evolve over generations through the inheritance of physical or behavioral traits but lacked an explanation for how it occurs and it was termed the theory of evolution by natural selection.
It had an explanation about adaptations, competition and genetic inheritance of traits which is the treason why option C was chosen as the correct choice.
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The above figure gives the cost figures for Jones farm which produce es wheat and sells it in the competitive market for wheat. The quantity of wheat produces in the figure is in the thousands of bushels. At the market price of $10 for wheat Jones farm will reduce thousand bushels of wheat in the short run, and make a profit of
Answers
The above figure gives the cost figures for Jones Farm which producees wheat and sells it in the competitive market for wheat. The quantity of wheat produces in the figure is in the thousands of bushels.
At the market price of $10 for wheat Jones farm will reduce a thousand bushels of wheat in the short run, Jones farm will produce 4,000 bushels of wheat in the quick run and make earnings of $10,000.
To answer this question, you need to discover the income-maximizing output stage for Jones Farm, that is wherein the marginal revenue (MR) equals the marginal cost (MC). Since the market rate of wheat is $10 and Jones Farm is a fee-taker in an aggressive marketplace, the MR is likewise $10.
Looking at the discerning, you could see that the MC curve intersects the MR line at 4,000 bushels. This manner that Jones Farm will produce 4,000 bushels of wheat in the quick run to maximize its income.
To find the profit, you want to subtract the full value (TC) from the full revenue (TR). The TR is manufactured from the fee and the amount, which is $10 x 4,000 = $40,000.
The TC is given by the TC curve at 4000 bushels, which is $30,000. Therefore, the income is $40,000 - $30,000 = $10,000.
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The above question is;
"The above figure gives the cost figures for Jones farm which produce es wheat and sells it in the competitive market for wheat. The quantity of wheat produces in the figure is in the thousands of bushels. At the market price of $10 for wheat Jones farm will reduce thousand bushels of wheat in the short run, and make a profit of"
Which statement best describes what causes an organism to change over time? Why does the sequoia tree have leaves and bark, why doesn't it look like a really big seed?
Cells gain new DNA as they grow, so as the DNA changes, it gets the new instructions it needs to build the complex tree
All the cells of the sequoia tree have the same DNA, but different genes on the DNA are expressed (or turned on), creating specialized cells
All the cells of the sequoia tree are unique and have different DNA, you have billions of cells, each with different instructions to turn into a complex organism
We have between 20-200 different types of cells each with its own DNA. Those different cells divide and spread their different DNA to various types of the body
Both A and D
Answers
The statement that best describes what causes an organism to change over time is Cells gain new DNA as they grow, so as the DNA changes, it gets the new instructions it needs to build the complex tree.
What is DNA?Deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) is described as a polymer composed of two polynucleotide chains that coil around each other to form a double helix.
In a cell, we have between 20-200 different types of cells each with its own DNA. Those different cells divide and spread their different DNA to various types of the body.
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a) Look back at your hypothesis from question 2. Could this hypothesis become a theory if
you repeated your experiment 100 different times and got the same results? Can a theory be
I
created by just one person? (2 points)
Answers
A theory can be created by just one person, but it requires extensive research, experimentation, and peer review to become widely accepted. A theory is a well-established explanation that has been repeatedly confirmed through observation and experimentation, and it must be supported by a large body of evidence. Therefore, a theory cannot be created by just one person without extensive research and experimentation, and without undergoing peer review to ensure its validity.
Which of the following are examples of a renewable resource? Choose ALL that apply.
coal
sunlight
natural gas
wind
nuclear power
biomass
petroleum
plants (trees, cotton, corn)
Answers
Locations in California are warmest in summer because sunlight in summer is
A) least intense and of shortest duration
B) least intense and of longest duration
C) most intense and of shortest duration
D) most intense and of longest duration
Answers
Which example displays a type of point source pollution?
• A.
rainwater carrying toxic chemicals and debris to a river
B.
melted snow mixed with debris flowing into a city
C.
untreated water from a factory flowing into a lake
D.
smoke released by trucks
E
rainwater mixing with garbage on the sidewalks of a street
Answers
The example displaying a type of point source pollution is: (C) untreated water from a factory flowing into a lake
Pollution is the presence of contaminants in the environment. The pollution can be of air, soil, water, or even noise. The major cause of pollution is the human action and synthetic substances but some natural products can also be the causing agent of pollution.
Point source pollution is the one spread through one single source like pipe, ship or factory smokestack that pollutes a larger area. Like untreated water from factories can pollute the entire water body. Similarly chimney smoke of industries can pollute the air of whole city.
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TIME REMAINING
Which homeostatic process moves particles against a concentration gradient?
dynamic equilibrium
passive transport
osmosis
active transport
Answers
Answer:
active transport
Explanation:
.
Answer:
D. active transport
Explanation:
Whoever helps me asap and gives the best answer I will mark as brainliest!Part 2: David’s Physical Condition
At his trial, David’s defence argued that his behaviour had not been under his control. Shortly before his behaviour changed, David had accidentally been exposed to a high concentration of an organophosphate pesticide called carbaryl. Carbaryl is a substance that can have an effect on the nervous system. In fact, it behaves similarly to many nerve gasses (chemical weap-ons that exert their effect by impairing the functioning of the nervous system). Carbaryl works by affecting the way that brain cells communicate with each other. This communication occurs at synapses,little gaps at the junctions of nerve cells. Neurones (nerve cells) release chemicals to send signals across the gap. These chemicals are called neurotransmitters. After it has been released, the neurotransmitter is broken down to prevent it from stimulating the post-synaptic neurone for any longer than necessary. Carbaryl prevents the breakdown of a neurotransmitter called acetylcholine (ACh). Exposure to high doses of carbaryl causes ACh to build up in the brain and other parts of the nervous system. One of the many parts of the brain that uses ACh is a structure called the hypothalamus. This structure is important in a huge range of behaviours including eating, drinking, sex, and aggression. Electrical stimulation of specific parts of the hypothalamus can cause a rat to show signs of rage and attack behavior. David’s defence argued that the carbaryl to which he had been exposed had affected the functioning of his hypothalamus. A small provocation would have started the parts of the hypothalamus associated with attack behaviours to start firing. However, because of the carbaryl, they would not have been able to stop, leading to uncontrolled rage and aggression.
Discussion Questions:
• Based on the evidence provided, do you think David is morally responsible
for his crime?
• What possible environmental influences may have incited David to act as he did?
• Why do you think the jury believed the prosecution in spite of the defence’s
argument?
• How does this case affect your views on the nature versus nurture debat
Answers
1. Determining moral responsibility in cases like these can be complex. While David's defense argued that his behavior was a result of the exposure to carbaryl, the concept of moral responsibility takes into account the ability to understand the consequences of one's actions and to make choices accordingly.
If David's exposure to carbaryl significantly impaired his ability to control his behavior and make rational decisions, it could potentially diminish his moral responsibility for the crime.
However, the assessment of moral responsibility is subjective and can depend on legal, ethical, and societal perspectives.
2. The primary environmental influence highlighted in this scenario is David's accidental exposure to the high concentration of carbaryl, an organophosphate pesticide.
Carbaryl, by affecting the communication between brain cells, particularly in the hypothalamus, may have disrupted the normal functioning of David's brain and influenced his behavior.
However, it's worth noting that other environmental factors, such as upbringing, social influences, previous experiences, and stressors, could also play a role in shaping an individual's behavior.
3. The jury might have found the prosecution's case more convincing due to factors such as:
a) Counter Arguments or lack of sufficient evidence presented by the defense.
b) Bias or preconceived notions of the jury members.
c) The prosecution's ability to present a compelling narrative and connect the evidence to David's actions.
d) The jury's limited understanding of the complexities of neurobiology and the effects of substances like carbaryl on behavior.
4. The nature versus nurture debate centers around the relative influence of genetic factors (nature) and environmental factors (nurture) in shaping an individual's traits, behaviors, and actions.
This case highlights the significant impact of an environmental factor, namely the exposure to carbaryl, on David's behavior.
It suggests that environmental influences, in this case, chemical exposure, can have profound effects on neural functioning and subsequent behavior.
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which two statements are implications of these readings