Some plant seeds germinate better if scarified in the stomach of a bird or being singed in a forest fire.


True

False

Derived characters are those that emerge at some point during evolution, and are expressed by all the subsequent groups. Derived characters shared by protist, plants, fungi, and animals are: eukaryotic organisms, autotroph or heterotroph, cell membrane, nuclei with DNA, mitochondria.

The derived character is any trait that a group passes to the descendants.

Through evolution, the characters change, and new changes are added.

When referring to a derived character, we mean that all the subsequent species in the cladogram, after the character emerged, carry the trait.

In the exposed example, we need to describe characters expressed by protists, plants, fungi, and animals.

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Primary function of enzymes catalyzing, or speeding up a chemical reactions. So option A is the correct option.

Proteins known as enzymes assist our bodies' chemical reactions, or metabolism, to move more quickly. Others are broken down while others are built. Enzymes exist in every living organism. Enzymes are created in our bodies by nature.

The vital function of enzymes is to reduce the activation energy of a reaction, or the amount of energy required for the reaction to start. In order to facilitate the chemical bond-forming and bond-breaking processes, enzymes bind to reactant molecules and hold them in place.

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Answer:

A good answer could include planting the trees on the north-facing flank of a hill (passive) and providing overhead irrigation to allow the grower to give plants an ice coating (active). Apples grown in New York face their strongest threat during bloom-time. North-facing plantings partway up a hillside delays bloom-time to later in spring, reducing the odds of the plants experiencing a hard frost. Irrigation allows the grower to take advantage of the severe overall cold that can be associated with a freeze in upstate New York by using the cold to create a protective ice layer that can preserve the blossoms.

Explanation:

this is the example answer. do what you will w it

The passive and active freezing protections can be done by planting facing north hill and providing overhead irrigation respectively.

This is the process of guarding something against damage from an external force.

The passive and active freezing protections are effective as it minimizes the risk of freezes and frosts during spring blooms.

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Answer:

limiting factor

Explanation:

In an ecosystem, certain factors hinder the growth or abundance of the population of organisms. These factors are called LIMITING FACTORS. Limiting factors, which can be biotic, food, drought, predation, disease etc, are factors that inhibits a population of organism from becoming enlarged. There are two types of limiting factors viz: density dependent (depends on size) and density independent (not dependent on size).

This is the case of a drought that dries up the stream that inhabits a population of salamanders. The drought causes the unavailability of water, which will ultimately have an effect on the growth of the salamander population. Hence, the DROUGHT is considered a LIMITING FACTOR.

Answer:

Cork formation is a type of secondary growth that occurs in the stems and roots of woody plants. Gum formation, on the other hand, is a type of defense mechanism that occurs in response to injury or infection.

Explanation:

This commensalistic relationship demonstrates how organisms can exploit their environment and utilize other organisms to enhance their own survival and growth without causing harm or benefit to the host organism.

The plant and tree have a commensalistic relationship. In a commensalistic relationship, one organism benefits while the other is neither harmed nor benefited. In this case, the plant benefits from growing on the branches of the tall tree in the dense tropical forest because it gains better access to sunlight, which is essential for photosynthesis and growth. By growing on the tree's branches, the plant is able to reach higher above the forest floor where sunlight is often limited due to the dense canopy. This advantageous position allows the plant to thrive and maximize its chances of survival.

On the other hand, the tree is unaffected by the presence of the plant. It does not provide any resources to the plant, nor does it suffer any negative consequences from the plant's presence. The tree is simply used as a physical support structure for the plant, with no direct interaction or exchange of nutrients between them.

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Answer:

Plasma estrogen levels reach their peak at the end of the luteal phase of the ovarian cycle.

a. True

Explanation:

A woman's estrogen levels become highest towards the end of her ovulation.  At this point, the woman is naturally prepared for a possible pregnancy.  The occurrence of the highest estrogen levels coincides with the luteal phase, a stage of a woman's menstrual cycle, which occurs after ovulation (or the release of eggs from the ovaries), and before the start of the normal period. This luteal phase has been observed to be within 14 days for all women.  By the end of the luteal phase, the corpus luteum function declines.

Answer:

Yes, but the results can vary depending on personal features

Explanation:

Vitruvius was a Roman architect with great talent. However, he is most known for his viewpoints and theories on the mysteries of the human body. ... Overall, based on the results from the experiment, it can be concluded that Vitruvius' theory can vary by personal features and measurement.

Point mutations, such as silent, nonsense, and missense mutations, are caused by C. the change in a single nucleotide along the DNA strand.

Missense mutations occur when a single nucleotide base in a DNA sequence is replaced with another, resulting in a different codon and, therefore, a different amino acid. These mutations are relatively frequent, and in most situations, they have little effect on the protein's overall structure and function.

A silent mutation occurs when the mRNA codon codes for the same amino acid as the point mutation, a missense mutation occurs when the mRNA codon codes for a different amino acid, and a nonsense mutation occurs when the mRNA codon becomes a stop codon.

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Answer:

1. sperm cells: cell has a flagellum for movement

2. smooth muscle: cells have an elongated shape (tapered at each end)

3. Squamous epithelium: cells are close together

4. Human red blood cells: cells are circular

5. Squamous epithelium cells are thin and flat, with irregular borders

6. Human red blood cells: cells are anucleate (without a nucleus)

7. smooth muscle: longest cell

Explanation:

Answer: parasitism can help shape biodiversity by exerting selective pressure on host populations and by contributing to the diversity of parasitic organisms themselves.

Explanation: Parasitism is a form of symbiotic relationship where one organism, the parasite, benefits while the other, the host, is harmed. Parasites can have a significant impact on the biodiversity of an ecosystem by selecting and shaping the characteristics of their host species.

Parasites have evolved to infect specific hosts, which means that their survival and reproduction are tied to the existence of their host. As a result, parasites can exert selective pressure on the host population, favoring certain traits and characteristics that make the hosts more resistant or susceptible to infection.

This selective pressure can lead to evolutionary changes in the host population, which can lead to increased genetic diversity. For example, if a parasite infects a population of fish and selects for fish that have more effective immune systems, then those fish will be more likely to survive and reproduce, passing on their advantageous traits to their offspring. This can ultimately lead to the development of new species.

Furthermore, parasites themselves can be incredibly diverse. Studies have shown that parasites can account for a significant percentage of the total biodiversity in an ecosystem. By infecting different hosts and adapting to different environments, parasites can influence the evolution of their hosts and contribute to overall biodiversity.

Answer:

Parasitism, in common with competition, facilitation, and predation, could regulate BD-EF relationships. Parasitism affects host phenotypes, including changes to host morphology, behavior, and physiology, which might increase intra- and interspecific functional diversity.

Explanation:

have a nice day.

Zandile found that as the temperature increased, the transpiration rate also increased, leading to increased water loss from the plant. This experiment helped her conclude that temperature directly affects transpiration rates.

Transpiration is the process of water movement through the plants from roots to leaves, and eventually lost by evaporation from the stomata. Various factors, including temperature, humidity, light, and wind, influence the transpiration rate.

Temperature affects transpiration as it affects the diffusion rate of water vapor from the leaves into the surrounding air.

To investigate how temperature affects transpiration rate, Zandile set up an apparatus comprising a potted plant, a beaker, and a thermometer. The plant was selected for the experiment, and its leaves were covered with a plastic bag to prevent any water loss through the leaves' surface.

The apparatus was set up in the following way: The plant was placed in a beaker containing water. The beaker was placed on a heat source, and the temperature was monitored with the help of a thermometer. The plastic bag was tied around the stem to ensure no air entered the plastic bag, making the experiment airtight.

Zandile then increased the temperature by placing the beaker on a heat source. She noted the temperature of the water in the beaker and the temperature inside the plastic bag. She continued to monitor the temperature and the rate of water loss from the plant.

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Answer:

I will suggest that reproduction is a life process in living things that concerns itself with the ability of living things to give rise to new individuals of their own kind.

Answer:

Below

Explanation:

While your classmate is correct in that respiration does cause the release of CO2, it's inaccurate to say that it has contributed to climate change, and it's especially inaccurate to say it has contributed to the same extend as the use of fossil fuels.

Let's break it down shall we:

When a human breathes, they release 35,000 to 50,000 ppm (parts per million) of CO2 with every exhale. On average, we breathe out 20,000 times a day. Multiply that by the amount of people on Earth, about 7.8 billion, you get 1.716x10^14 breaths a day. Therefore, you have that times 50,000 ppm of CO2 released. That sure is a lot, however, let's look at how much carbon dioxide is released from coal alone in a day. In general, the world consumes over 8.5 million tons of coal a year, and in the US alone 14,000 tons are burnt in one day. When you burn one pound of coal, around 2 pounds of CO2 is released, as the carbon of the coal mixes with the oxygen requiring it to burn. Therefore, 28,000 tons of CO2 is put into the environment from coal alone (not even including all of the other fossil fuels like natural gas and oil), showing how extensive the CO2 burning of fossil fuels is.

Additionally, I want to address the point of increased human population leading to more CO2 from respiration. Consider this, with more people, there is more need for agriculture. Aka, we need to grow more plants in order to sustain our growing population. Plants grow using photosynthesis which needs Carbon Dioxide to begin. Therefore, as our population grows, the amount of CO2 taken from our atmosphere in order to sustain our population actually shows that growing population doesn't necessarily relate to more CO2 from exhalation overall.

According to the scientific methodology, researchers must make themselves a question and then propose a hypothesis. B:“Question” states what she is asking, and “Hypothesis” states what she thinks the answer to that question is in “if . . . then . . . because” format.

When following the scientific methodology researchers must formulate a question and a hypothesis.

The question is what the researcher wants to know. It is triggered when making an observation for which there is no explication yet. The researcher wants to know what is causing a certain event and how or why it is occurring.

A hypothesis is a scientific conjecture, not verified, that requires corroboration. It is a possibility, not a fact. It is a claim of how it works a relationship between two or more variables.

The researcher hypothesizes to predict what is going on or what is expected to occur.

Option B:“Question” states what she is asking, and “Hypothesis” states what she thinks the answer to that question is in “if . . . then . . . because” format.

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Answer:

The crane has a sharp and pointed beak adapted for catching and grasping prey. The sharp beak allows the crane to effectively stab and pierce its prey, such as fish, frogs, or small animals. The pointed shape helps the crane to accurately target its prey and secure a firm grip.

On the other hand, the duck has a flat beak, which is better suited for its specific feeding habits. Ducks are primarily filter feeders, and their flat beak enables them to sift through water or mud to collect small organisms, insects, and plants. The flat beak acts like a sieve, allowing the duck to strain out food particles while retaining water.

The difference in beak shape between the crane and the duck reflects their distinct feeding strategies and ecological roles. Each species has evolved its beak shape to optimize its ability to capture and consume the specific types of food sources available in their respective habitats.

The two sentences that describe why classification systems are still changing are:

Classification systems in biology are hierarchical frameworks that organize living organisms into groups based on their evolutionary relationships and shared characteristics. These systems are used to create a system of order, allowing for the identification and comparison of different organisms.

The most widely used classification system in biology is the Linnaean classification system, which was developed by Swedish biologist Carl Linnaeus in the 18th century.

In recent years, advances in molecular biology and genetics have led to the development of new classification systems that take into account the evolutionary relationships between organisms at the molecular level.

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Complete question;

Which two sentences describe why classification systems are still changing?

With the help of modern technology, scientists may refine their theories.

b. Previous classification systems provide evidence that scientists use to refine their data

c. Frequently, scientists decide to change the present classification system because they do not like it.

d. New evidence derived from species allows the scientists to observe and make new connections

Answer:

The two genes are linked together

Explanation:

The conclusion that can be drawn about the arrangement of the genes on the chromosome in the Aa Bb parent is that the two genes are linked together. That is, they do not assort independently.

When two genes are linked together, the number of recombinant offspring would be more than the number of offspring with parental traits. The frequency of recombination would also not exceed 50%.

Recombination frequency = number of recombinant offspring/total number of offspring x 100%

Number of recombinant offspring = 45 + 45 = 90

Total number of offspring = 45 + 45 + 5 + 5 = 100

Recombination frequency = 90/100 x 100% = 10%

Hence, the two genes Aa and Bb are said to be linked together.

A tiny electric message moves through a long part of a brain cell called the axon. When a message goes to the end of a nerve, it sends chemicals called neurotransmitters. These substances move through a tiny gap and attach to special parts of another nerve cell's outer covering.

Messages called impulses are sent from one nerve cell to another through a connection called a synapse. This process is called synaptic transmission. Synapses are connections between nerve cells or between nerve cells and other cells, like muscles or glands.

The neuron sending the signal is called the presynaptic neuron. When a signal travels down a nerve cell, it causes little sacs called vesicles to release chemicals called neurotransmitters.

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Based on the link between body size and mammalian mass-specific metabolic rates, it is projected that if the mass-specific metabolic rates of mice and elephants were switched,

the mouse's body temperature would fall while the elephant's would increase. This is because the mouse's greater mass-specific metabolic rate would result in a higher temperature, but it would be dissipated faster since the mouse has a bigger surface area to dissipate the heat. The mouse, on the other hand, would have a lower body temperature because it would lose heat quickly over its large surface area. Since it cannot dissipate heat quickly enough over its small surface area, the elephant's body temperature would increase. If, on the other hand,

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The Earth's crust (the outer layer of the planet) is made up of several pieces called tectonic plates and most earthquakes occur along their edges. The plates under the oceans are called oceanic plates. Plates that are not under the ocean are continental plates.

The answer is the crust.

Source: www.mtu.edu

The majority of protein hydrolysis that takes place within the gastrointestinal tract lumen is carried out by the pancreas' proteolytic enzymes. The pancreas secretes two different types of peptidases. Thus option C is correct.

Following this, small intestine absorption and enzymatic digestion mediated by pancreatic amylase take place. As a result, the small intestine is where carbohydrates undergo their final hydrolysis.

Therefore, bread is broken down in the mouth while being chewed and by the action of salivary amylase.

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The leaf acquires a blue-black coloration in the green part after the starch test.

The iodine-starch test is a chemical process used to detect the presence of iodine or starch.

Starch and iodine together produce a deep blue-black color.

To test a leaf for starch, a few drops of iodine solution are placed on a boiled leaf. If starch is present in the leaf, the iodine will react with the starch molecules and form a blue-black color complex. If starch is not present, the iodine will remain yellow or brown in color.

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From the diagram, circuit a and b are series circuit while c is parallel. Option C

The components in a parallel circuit are linked together so that the electric current can go along several different routes. The power source is directly connected to each component, forming parallel branches. While the current in a parallel circuit can vary, the voltage between each component is constant.

The components of a series circuit are connected one after the other to create a single path for the passage of electricity. While the voltage across each component can change, the current flowing through each component is constant.

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Itching and other skin problems are signs that a cat or dog may have flea. Fleas are parasites known for their biting and blood-sucking abilities. When they bite, flea saliva enters the pet’s circulatory system, sometimes causing an allergic response commonly seen as a “hot spot” on the pet’s neck or the base of its tail.

Fleas are tiny parasitic insects that infest the fur of dogs and cats. They feed on blood and cause skin irritation that results in itching. If the problem is severe, it can lead to more significant health issues. Pet owners should watch for signs of fleas and treat their pets promptly to avoid complications. Fleas lay eggs on the skin of dogs and cats, which hatch and develop into larvae.

The larvae feed on the skin, shedding as they mature. Adult fleas emerge from the larvae, biting the host to feed on blood. The process repeats itself, with adult fleas continuing to lay eggs on the skin of the pet.The most common sign of fleas in dogs and cats is itching. Pets will often scratch themselves, bite their skin, or lick excessively to relieve the irritation.

Other signs of fleas include red or inflamed skin, hair loss, and the appearance of small, raised bumps on the skin. These bumps are often referred to as "flea dirt" and are the waste products of the fleas. In severe cases, anemia, an allergic reaction, or the transmission of other parasites or diseases can occur.

Flea infestations can be treated with a variety of products, including topical treatments, shampoos, and collars. It is essential to follow the instructions on the product label and treat the pet and the surrounding environment to eliminate the fleas. Prevention is key to avoiding flea infestations, so pet owners should maintain a regular grooming and flea prevention schedule.

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Answer: B. First ones to appear in an ecosystem with no soil present

Explanation:

Primary succession is the process of claiming a previously barren area for living organisms. The area would have no soil and would just be full of rocks having been recently unearthed as a glacier retreated or a lava flows cooled down.

Pioneer species are the first to appear in such an environment. They are able to live on the rocks and sustain themselves. In time, they break down the rocks into soil so that plants are able to grow. Examples of such species include lichens and fungi.